Description
In order to comply with the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule, many utilitiesare minimizing free-chlorine contact time and/or implementing chloramination. In bench-scaletests with short free-chlorine contact times (<1 h) and post-chloramination (24 and 72 h),trihalomethane (THM) formation resulted from a combination of pre-chlorination and postchloramination.THM formation at 25 or 10C in the presence of chloramines was 16 or 35percent, respectively, of what would have formed in the presence of chlorine during 24- and 72-hcontact times. In these tests, haloacetic acid (HAA) formation was relatively unchanged by postchloramination,except when the bromide was quite high (0.35-0.5 mg/L).These tests can be used to estimate THM and HAA formation during full-scale operationwith short free-chlorine contact times (to achieve 1 log of Giardia inactivation) followed bychloramination. In addition, these data were used to refine previously developed equations forthe prediction of THMs during both short- and long-term chlorination and chloramination(contact times of minutes to days). Includes 13 references, figures.
Product Details
- Edition:
- Vol. – No.
- Published:
- 06/15/2003
- Number of Pages:
- 18
- File Size:
- 1 file , 440 KB
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
